Four of Europe's largest economies have committed billions in capital to achieve critical mineral security — through France's InfraVia Critical Metals Fund, Germany's KfW-led Rohstofffonds, Italy's Fondo Nazionale del Made in Italy, and the Netherlands' newly established Invest International Critical Raw Materials Fund. Yet despite headline commitments, deployment has lagged, eligibility criteria diverge, and projects continue to stall in the valley of death between exploration and bankable production — while Europe's peer competitors move with speed. With the Commission's RESourceEU now adding €3 billion at European level, this session convenes the leaders behind all four national strategies for a frank stocktake: what has actually been deployed, what structural barriers remain, and what it will take for national funds to operate as a coordinated European investment force rather than four parallel experiments?